Redirection syntax

redirect pipe stdout stderr file-descriptor

Source

• https://rednafi.com/misc/shell_redirection/

• Redirect stdout: command > file
• Redirect stderr: command 2> file
• Redirect both stdout and stderr:
  • Standard: command > file 2>&1
  • Shorthand: command &> file
• Append stdout: command >> file
• Append both stdout and stderr:
  • Standard: command >> file 2>&1
  • Shorthand: command &>> file
• Pipe stdout: command1 | command2
• Pipe both stdout and stderr:
  • Standard: command1 2>&1 | command2
  • Shorthand: command1 |& command2
• Custom file descriptors:
  • Create and redirect stdout: exec 3> file; command >&3
  • Redirect stderr: command 2>&3
  • Redirect both stdout and stderr: command > /dev/fd/3 2>&1 (no shorthand available)
• Discard stdout and stderr:
  • Standard: command > /dev/null 2>&1
  • Shorthand: command &>/dev/null

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